Plastic waterproofing composition.



, AARON C. HORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PLASTIC- WATERPR-OOFING COMPOSITION.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AARON G. HORN, a citizen of the United States, and aresident of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented a certain new and useful Plastic WaterproofingComposition, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to plastic troweling waterproof cements orcompositions intended for waterproofing and decorating structuralsurfaces and the like, and to the process of making same, and relatesespecially to a pigment-containing cement having a high degree ofplasticity or stifHy-fluent mobility, marked adhesiveness to structuralsurfaces, yet working freely and smoothly under the trowel without anundue measure of tackiness or pull which characterizes many resinousmixtures of similar body.

The treatment of structural surfaces of brick, concrete and other formsof masonry more or less porous and moisture transmitting in character torender same either impenetrable by moisture or to act as a moisturebarrier usually resolves itself into the application to such surfaces ofbitumen,

paints or oil and resin compounds and the like, which although usefulfor waterproofing the surfaces of wood, often do not serve in fillingthe pores of rough surfaces of masonry to a degree sufficient to insurereliability of water shedding or moisture deflecting qualities under allconditions, and from the decorative standpoint such coating compoundsfrequently prove of an unsatisfactory character as the coating onrelatively short exposure becomes unsightly through the action of theweather.

In superstructural waterproofing, that is the treatment of walls aboveground, it becomes necessary to insulate or dampproof an inner plasteredsurface from an outer weather exposed wall, and the present practiceinvolves three methods, viz., that of furring, lining with hollow brick,and coating with abituminous paint. By the latter method ofsuperstructural dampproofing, a bituminous composition is applied to theinner surface of the wall, by means of brush or sprayer. The coatingmaterial is so prepared that plaster will bond to it, in this wayinsulating the plaster from the wall; a procedure which has severaladvantages over the preceding methods of furring or lining Specificationof Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 10, 1915.

Application filed November 10, 1914. Serial No. 871,389.

with hollow block or tile, among which advantages may be mentioned thesaving in cost because of the simplicity of the process, the insulatingefliciency secured by reason of locking the pores in the masonry with anair proof and dampproof compound, and the resultant economy in space ascontrasted with the space necessitated in furring and lathing. The onedisadvantage of the brush application of a bituminous paint or coatingof this character to form a waterproof sheath between masonry andplaster is that since the coating is applied by brushing it cannot bemade to form a continuous impervious film over ragged uneven surfaces,as the brush is not able to adequately reach the interstices ordepressions in many cases. Neither can the application of suchcompositions by means of spraying devices be recommended for the reasonthat under the circumstances a relatively large proportion of thinningmaterial is required to give the composition the required degree offluidity to spray freely and properly. Thus the bitudrift away, often todeposit in places where not desired, and thus involving an additionalexpense to remove the material there deposited.

By my invention a fluent composition is secured which overcomes thedisadvantage of the brushed-out coating, while possessing the advantagesthereof, which composition may be troweled on a surface and worked intoits irregularities, which will adhere well even to damp masonry, andwhich will form a continuous waterproofing sheath over any surface,however rugged, uneven or irregular such surface may be. I

My method of preparation enables a composition to be produced in theform of a heavy paste, thick and coherent enough to not show anytroublesome drip under the trowel, of sufficient body to not sag afterproper application, but in spite of its rather high measure ofconsistency, spreading well. under the applying tools. Moreover thecomposition in its preferred form exhibits a desirable quality ofplasticity, enabling ap plication With satisfactory results to expansionjoints in concrete, as said composition will expand and contract Withthe movement of the concrete slab. In a similar manner, used under rooftile, Water penetration can be prevented, simply by embedding the lapsof Spanish tile, hip rolls, finials, crestings of shingle tile, and thelike in a layer of the plastic composition. Repairs in roofs, Whether ofslate, tin, felt, tile, built up slag or gravel strata, may be madesimply by troweling on a quantity of said composition to fill and coverthe leaky areas. Likewise for covering openings vvhere flashing entersthe Wall, pointing around flash-- ing, for cementing cap to flashing onthe underside, the composition may be used to advantage especially ondamp surfaces Where ordinary cements fail to properly adhere. Used as acovering for concrete roofs and the like, the composition acts like anartificial rubber blanket, expanding and contracting with the movementof the structure beneath and affording a maximum of protection to theconcrete surface. Furthermore the blanketed surface, can if desired, bepainted over, as paint and similar coating materials Will adhere to thesurface of the composition. Besides serving as a leak plug for roofs,secure protection against Water penetration around WlIldOW frames can beprovided by applying the composition to openings under the hangingstile,

filling in between frame and Wall on stucco' exteriors, on in any riftor crevice in the Window setting. Thus the difliculty of protecting suchportions of structures from driving storms is effectually overcome.While plastic enough to be used for filling in spaces and slushingaround Window frames, the composition troWels in place neatly Withoutsagging and sets Without becoming hard and brittle, Which is anadvantageous feature.

The composition may-be prepared Without the use of anyvolatildinfiammable thinner, so that in the handling and application ofthe product, the fire risk is negligible.

Where fioor arch and Wall join, if the ceilings are to.be preserved fromdampness,

a Waterproofing material should be present at such junction. In order tocarry their loads, the floor arches become a part of the bearing Wall,or must be supported by the steel frame When curtain Walls are used.Hence the air space created by furring blocks or by lath and furringstrips cannot be continuous. Wherever this is the case,

and it is so in every fireproof structure, or

for that matter in Wooden construction, moisture permeating the outershell of the building at the point Where the arch joins the Wall,penetrates the floor arch for some distance at least and affects theplastered ceiling. The arches, being usually made of hollow tile orstrongly diluted concrete, become an easy prey to the attacks of rainstorms and are quickly saturated With moisture at the junction points,causing the ceiling to become stained and discolored. From thence, iffurred construction is employed, the moisture will travel down the Wallalong the surfaces inclosing the air space, saturating anddisintegrating the plaster. When then, it becomes desirable to usefurring, as often is the case, especially if the interior plan of thebuilding requires the trim to be set out from the Wall, and the expenseof supplementing the effect of the air space by a Water insulatingcoating throughout, is an obstacle, it becomes necessary to seal thespace at the junction point Where furring and arch meet, as this is thevulnerable point of attack from dampness. My plastic Waterprooftroweling composition or fluent structural-dampproofer applied .at thispoint overcomes the difliculty experienced With this form ofconstruction, and due to the marked adhesiveness to damp Walls exhibitedby some forms of said composition, a remarkable thorough sealing effectwith a minimum of coated area.

As indicated, the Walls in new construction are always more or less dampand this moisture has a tendency to repel a coating of ordinarybituminous, asphaltic or coal tar mixtures, the action reminding one ofthe repellent effect of Water by a greasy surface. Wherever moisture ispresent, the coating film does not bond or key to the surface and aftersetting may be totally removed With relative ease. The present inventionaims to provide a composition, Which although possessing an unusuallypronounced Waterproofing character, is nevertheless in a form capable ofease of application to surfaces Which contain moisture.

My plastic troWeling Waterproof sealing cement or fluentstructural-dampproofer f comprises a heavy-bodied oil basis and thesulfureted oil, more particularly a semi or slightly vulcanized oil orsulfureted mate rial, preferably'a vegetable oil. For the oil basis, Imay use as raw material, any of the drying oils, as linseed, perilla,Chinese Wood or tung oil and the like, or semi-drying oils includingfish, corn, cotton, rape and like like, containing a vulcanized oil orsuitably oils. Non-drying oils as petroleum, as-

phaltic oils and malthas may be employed to some extent as additions ordiluents, or in some cases may form the entire oils basis if desired,although asphaltic and other mineral oils require a modified treatmentto give results approaching those obtained from vegetable drying oils,and are not recommended except for coating foundation Walls andunderneath plaster, etc., Where such materials are not objectionable.Mm-

eral oils containing a considerable proportion of unsaturatedconstituents are preferably used in the preparation of an oil basis ofthis character as the combination or absorption of the sulfur orequivalent material by such mineral oils appears to be of a naturediffering from that occurring with oils of zero iodin number. In fact anoil having an iodin number of 25 to 75 is recommended for this purpose.

As an illustrative formula, Which is of course capable of considerablemodification, the following is given ;l00 gallons of wood oil is placedin an iron kettle and is carefully heated to 400 F. At this temperature8 pounds of sulfur are cautiously introduced and reaction allowed totake place, which change is usually accompanied with efi'ervescence. Ifnecessary, the kettle may be Withdrawn from the fire and the reactionallowed to spend itself with heating at this time; after the action hasadvanced to a sufficient degree the kettle is returned to the fire andheated to 600 F. at which temperature the contents are held until aviscid 'heavy-molasses-like product is obtained,

which further thickens after cooling. l/Vhile still warm, the mass isplaced in a dough mixer or similar agitator and is kneaded with thepigment or filling material to produce the product of the presentinvention in a preferred embodiment, enabling application to surfaces byknifing or troweling. Beside the pigment, filling or extending materialmay be added, provided the consistency be not increased to an excessivedegree; or the pigment may be omitted. Among the fillers which may beemployed are bodies of the nature of talc or ground soapstone, whiting,barytes, China clay and kaolin, silex and the like. The filling materialas well as the pigment should be of a sulfur-fast nature, that is, itshould be compatible with the sulfureted oil. A formula meeting theserequirements is as follows: sulfureted oil, 10 pounds; calciumcarbonate, 3 pounds; magnesium silicate, 3 pounds; zinc oxid, 3 pounds.This affords a buff colored mass which may be colored by the addition ofpigments of a satisfactory degree of compatibility. To get a gray, 2ounces of lampblack are added to the above composition. A red isobtained by the addition of 2 pounds of red oxid of iron pigment. Onepound of ultramarine added to the above gives a gre'en mass. Mineralbrown, in proportion of two pounds, to the above batch affords adesirable shade of brown. To produce a black, the zinc oxid may besubstituted by a like amount of mineral black and one pound of gasblack.

The gray colored composition is adapted for filling in spaces andslushing around window frames and the other colors are suited 'forembedding tile and pointing sometimes be turned to advantage to securesome of the darker shades, thus affording compatible results for thespecific purpose at hand.

By the present invention in its preferred form sulfur is desirablycombined with the oil to form definite or indefinite sulfuretedcompounds, usually with somewhat lower iodin numbers, than the originaloil, but I do not Wish ordinarily by the sulfureting operation, todecrease the iodin numbers more than about five to twenty per cent. as Iam not endeavoring to produce insoluble and solid rubber substitutes orfactice, but rather a composition capable of troweling and having theproperty of adhering well to masonry surfaces, including stone, brick,cement, concrete, concrete block, stucco and other surfaces or even tometallic bodies.

I am aware of the use of rubber substitutes made from vulcanized oil inwhich a large proportion of sulfur to cause solidification is employedand do not lay claim toa product or productsof this character, as theseare of an elastic character and not capable of being troweled.

The small amount of sulfur employed in my preferred composition and theresults achieved by boiling the sulfureted product at the temperaturesspecified afford a material which has been found to retain its yieldingqualities or plasticity-retentive properties for an indefinite period.By boiling after sulfurizing a series of reactions appear to progress,including polymerization and other changes, which tend to accomplish thebeneficial results arrived at herein.

What I claim is;- 1. A plastic troweling waterproof compositioncomprising a slightly-vulcanized drying oil and finely-divided solidmaterial;

said composition being of an adhesive nature so asto' readily adhere tomasonry surfaces and being capable of remaining for an indefinite periodin a plastic condition.

2. A plastic troweling waterproof composition comprisingslightly-vulcanized Chinese Wood oil of a heavy fluent consistency andfinely-divided solid material; said composition being capable ofremaining plastic for an indefinite period on exposure in thin layers.

3. A plastic troweling waterproof composition comprising aslightly-vulcanized and boiled vegetable oil and a compatible pigment;said composition being of a very sticky, tacky and adhesive character;

4. A plastic troweling waterproof composition comprising a slightlyvulcanized drying oil and a pigment compatible with sul fur; saidcomposition being of'a sticky tacky nature so as to readily adhere tomasonry surfaces. 5. A plastic troWeling Waterproof compositioncomprising slightly-vulcanized Chinese Wood oil of a heavy fluentconsistency and a compatible pigment; said composition being of a tackynature so as to readily adhere to masonry surfaces.

6. A plastic troweling waterproofcomposition comprising vulcanizedChinese Wood oil and a pigment, said composition being capable ofapplication to surfaces by means of a trowel or similar spreading tool;and

being capable of adhering to such surfaces 15 under extreme Weatherconditions because of its tacky and nonhardening nature.

Signed at NeW York city in the county of New York and State of New Yorkthis 7th day of November A. D. 1914.

AARON C. HORN. Witnesses:

ANNIE GARRIGAN, J. BROKER.

